Thursday, June 30, 2011

BNF 61 (March 2011)

Paperback: 1036 pages

Publisher: Pharmaceutical Press; 61st Revised edition edition (9 Mar 2011)

Language English

ISBN-10: 0853699623

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Monday, June 27, 2011

Viruses vs. Superbugs: A Solution to the Antibiotics Crisis?

Viruses vs. Superbugs: A Solution to the Antibiotics Crisis?
By Thomas Hausler
Publisher: Macmillan
Number Of Pages: 256
Publication Date: 2006-06-27

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Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology 2nd Edition

Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology, 2^nd Edition

Author : K. Engbaek, C.C. Heuck, P. Piot, P. Rohner, J. Vandepitte

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Sunday, June 26, 2011

A Small Dose of Toxicology By Steven G. Gilbert

A Small Dose of Toxicology: The Health Effects of Common Chemicals

by Steven G. Gilbert

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A Complete Introduction to Modern NMR Spectroscopy

Paperback: 400 pages

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience; 1 edition (November 26, 2008)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0471157368

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Monday, June 20, 2011

BNF 58

Paperback: 1010 pages
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Press; 58th Revised edition edition (15 Sep 2009)
Language English
ISBN-10: 0853698481
ISBN-13: 978-0853698487

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Basic and Clinical Pharmacology By Katzung 11th Edition

The most trusted and up-to-date pharmacology text in medicine completely redesigned to make the learning process even more interesting and efficient.Organized to reflect the syllabi in Pharmacology courses, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology covers all the important concepts students need to know about the science of pharmacology and its application to clinical practice. It is acknowledged worldwide as the field most current, authoritative, and comprehensive textbook. To be as clinically-relevant as possible, the book features a strong focus on the choice and use of drugs in patients and the monitoring of their effects.

Coverage that spans every important aspect of medical pharmacology:

* Basic Principles
* Autonomic Drugs
* Cardiovascular-Renal Drugs
* Drugs with Important Actions on Smooth Muscle
* Drugs that Act in the Central Nervous System
* Drugs Used to Treat Diseases of the Blood, Inflammation, and Gout
* Endocrine Drugs
* Chemotherapeutic Drugs
* Toxicology

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Neurotransmitters classification

1) Amines

i) Acetylcholine (Ach): Acetylcholine was the first compound to be identified pharmacologically as a transmitter in the CNS

ii) Monoamines

Ø Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)

Ø Catecholamines (Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)

2) Peptide (opioid peptides (eg, enkephalins, endorphins), neurotensin, substance P, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

3) Amino acid: they fall into two categories: the acidic amino acid glutamate and the neutral amino acids glycine and GABA. (glutamate, GABA, Glycine, Asparate)

4) Other (Nitric oxide (NO), Endocannabinoids)

Antiviral Drugs List

Antiviral Drugs

Types	Drugs
*Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors* *(anti-HIV)*	Abacavir, Adefovir dipivoxil, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Tenofovir, Zalcitabine, Zidovudine
*Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(anti-HIV)*	Efavirenz , Nevirapine
*Protease inhibitors* *(anti-HIV)*	Amprenavir , Atazanavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir
*Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (Anti-herpes)*	Aciclovir (Acyclovir) , Cidofovir , Famciclovir , Foscarnet , Ganciclovir , Idoxuridine , Penciclovir,
*Inhibitors of HIV fusion with host cells*	Enfurvitide
*Inhibitors of viral coat disassembly and neuraminidase inhibitors* *(Anti-influenza)*	Amantadine, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Zanamivir
*Biologics and immunomodulators*	Interferon-Α , Pegylated Interferon-Α , Inosine Pranobex , Palivizumab

Saturday, June 18, 2011

Disintegration Test

Disintegration Test (As per IP 2007)

Disintegration is defined as that state in which no residue of the unit under test remains on the screen of the apparatus or, if a residue remains, it consists of fragments of disintegrated parts of tablets component parts such as insoluble coating of the tablets or of capsule shells, or of any melted fatty substance from the pessary or suppository or is a soft mass with no palpable core. If discs have been used with capsules, any residue remaining on the lower surfaces of the discs consists only of fragments of shells.

Apparatus

The apparatus consists of a basket-rack assembly, a 1-litre beaker, a thermostatic arrangement for heating the fluid and a mechanical device for raising and lowering the basket in the immersion fluid at a constant frequency rate.

Basket-rack assembly

The basket-rack assembly is rigid and supports six cylindrical glass tubes, 77.5 ± 2.5 mm long, 21.5 mm in internal diameter and with a wall thickness of about 2 mm (Fig. 2.5.1-1). The tubes are held vertically by two superimposed transparent plastic plates, 90 ± 2 mm in diameter and 6.75 ± 1.75 mm thick perforated by six holes having the same diameter as the tubes. The holes are equidistant from the centre of the plate and are equally spaced from one another. Attached to the underside of the lower plate is a woven stainless steel wire cloth with a plain square weave with 2.0 ± 0.2 mm mesh apertures and with a wire diameter of 0.615 ± 0.045 mm. The upper plate is covered with a stainless steel disc perforated by six holes, each about 24 ± 2 mm in diameter, which fits over the tubes and holds them between the plastic plates. The holes coincide with those of the upper plastic plate and the upper open ends of the glass tubes. A suitable means is provided to suspend the basket-rack assembly from the raising and lowering device using a point on its axis.

Discs: A cylindrical disc for each tube, each 20.7 ± 0.15 mm thick in diameter and 9.5 ± 0.15 mm thick, made of transparent plastic with a relative density of 1.18 to 1.20, and pierced with five holes, each 2 mm in diameter, one in the centre and the other four spaced equally on a circle of radius 6 mm from the centre of the disc.

Medium: The assembly is suspended in the liquid medium in a suitable vessel, preferably a 1-litre beaker. The volume of liquid is such that the wire mesh at its highest point is at least 25 mm below the surface of the liquid, and at its lower point is at least 25 mm above the bottom of the beaker. At no time should the top of the basket-rack assembly become submerged. There is a thermostatic arrangement for heating the liquid and maintaining the temperature at 37º ± 2º.

Method: Unless otherwise stated in the individual monograph, introduce one tablet or capsule into each tube and, if directed in the appropriate general monograph, add a disc to each tube. Suspend the assembly in the beaker containing the specified liquid and operate the apparatus for the specified time. Remove the assembly from the liquid. The tablets or capsules pass the test if all of them have disintegrated. If 1 or 2 tablets or capsules fail to disintegrate, repeat the test on 12 additional tablets or capsules; not less than 16 of the total of 18 tablets or capsules tested disintegrate.

If the tablets or capsules adhere to the disc and the preparation under examination fails to comply, repeat the test omitting the disc. The preparation complies with the test if all the tablets or capsules in the repeat test disintegrate.

Limits

*Tablet*	*Disintegration time*
Uncoated tablets	3 minutes
Effervescent tablets	5 minutes
Enteric coated tablets	Acid stage : 120 min Alkaline stage : 60 min

For enteric-coated tablets

Apparatus: Use the apparatus for tablets and capsules described above.

Method: Put one tablet into each tube, suspend the assembly in the beaker containing 0.1M hydrochloric acid and operate without the discs for 2 hours, unless otherwise stated in the individual monograph. Remove the assembly from the liquid. No tablet shows signs of cracks that would allow the escape of the contents or disintegration, apart from fragments of coating.

Replace the liquid in the beaker with mixed phosphate buffer pH 6.8, add a disc to each tube and operate the apparatus for a further 60 minutes. Remove the assembly from the liquid. If the tablet fails to comply because of adherence to the disc, repeat the test on a further 6 tablets without the discs. The tablets pass the test if all six have disintegrated.

Friday, June 17, 2011

Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness

Paperback: 504 pages

Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; 9 edition (27 Jun 2005)

Language English

ISBN-10: 0443064687

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GPAT 2010 Paper

GPAT 2010

Q.l The vitamin essential in tissue culture medium is

(A) Pyridoxine (B) Thiamine (C) Nicotinic acid (D) Inositol

Ans. B

Q.2 Gingkgo biloba is used for its

(A) Expectorant activity (B) Lipid lowering activity

Ans. C

Q.3 The amount of barbaloin present in Aloe vera is

(A) <1% (B) 3.5-4% (c) 1-1.5% (D) 2-2.5%

Ans. B

Q.4 Sildenafil is used for treatment of one of the following disorders :

(A) Systolic hypertension (B) Unstable angina

eclampsia

Ans. C

Q.5 Cardiac glycosides have the following configuration in the aglycone part of

the steroid nucleus :

(A) 5a, 1 4 a - (B)5a, 14β- (C) 5β, 1 4 a - (D) 5β,14β-

Ans. D

Q.6 Quassia wood is adulterated with

(A) Brucea antidysentrica (B) Cassia angustifoila

Ans. B

Q.7 Eugenol is present in

(A) Fennel (B) Tulsi (C) Cardamom (D) Coriander

Ans. B

Q.8 Which one of the following drugs is prescribed for the treatment of

Philadelphia chromosome positive patients with Chronic myeloid Leukemia?

(A) Pentostatin (B) Methotrexate

Ans. C

A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes

A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes
Publisher: Longman Publishing Gp | ISBN: 0470206632 | Pages: 416 | PDF | 5.15 MB

A classic textbook on mechanistic organic chemistry which is characterised particularly by its clarity, careful choice of examples and its general approach that is designed to lead to a ready understanding of the subject matter.

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